Journal: Microbiology Spectrum

Article Title: Candida albicans Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Dependent Lethality and ROS-Independent Hyphal and Biofilm Inhibition by Eugenol and Citral

doi: 10.1128/spectrum.03183-22

Figure Lengend Snippet: C. albicans RSY150 exposed to eugenol and citral showed swelling, leakage, membrane damage and cell death. (a) Exposure to eugenol, citral, and Amp B caused leaky membranes in C. albicans . The Pearson correlation indicates a positive association (eugenol, r = 0.96, P < 0.001; citral, r = 0.97, P < 0.001; FICI, r = 0.96, P < 0.001) between the oil concentration (1/16 MIC, 1/8 MIC, 1/4 MIC, 1/2 MIC, and MIC) and partial cell collapse. (b) Representative low-resolution (10 μm, 128 × 128 pixel) AFM images of untreated C. albicans and those exposed to Amp B, eugenol, and citral (1/4 MIC) and the two at FICI (1/2, full) showed swelling and possible leakage (white arrows) after EOC treatment. The scale bar is 1 μm for the control and represents the scale for all images. (c and d) Bar graphs show changes to cell height (c) and surface roughness (d) from AFM images of 20 cells for each of two biological replicates. (e) Bar graphs of the PI intensity show treated cells with increased cell membrane damage compared to control. The data are presented as means ± the SEM of three biological replicates, for which statistical significance (****, P < 0.0001; ***, P < 0.001; **, P < 0.01; *, P < 0.05) was evaluated by one-way ANOVA, followed by a Dunnett’s multiple comparison of each condition versus control (a, c, and d) or an unpaired Student’s t test (e).

Article Snippet: AFM (JPK Instruments, Berlin, Germany) was used to image the C. albicans cell surface and overall morphology at ultrahigh resolution in response to EOC exposure.

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: In situ self-assembled organoid for osteochondral tissue regeneration with dual functional units

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.04.002

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro chondrogenic and osteogenic pre-differentiation induction of MSC-seeded microcryogels. (A) Schematic of the chondrogenic induction process. (B) Toluidine blue and Alcian blue staining of control microcryogels and CH-Microcryogels after 7 d of chondrogenic induction. Relative gene expression of (C) COL2, (D) SOX9, and (E) ACAN. (F) Schematic of the osteogenic induction process. (G) Alizarin red staining of control microcryogels and OS-Microcryogels after 7 d of osteogenic induction. (H) Quantitative detection of ALP in MSCs after 7 d of osteogenic induction on control microcryogels and OS-Microcryogels. (I) Quantitative detection of ALP in MSCs on 2D culture plates. Relative gene expression of (J) RUNX2, (K) OCN, (L) COL1, and (M) ALP. (N) Atomic force microscopy (AFM) of microcryogels after 7 d of chondrogenic and osteogenic induction. F-actin and DAPI staining of MSCs cultured in microcryogels after 7 d of (O) chondrogenic induction and (P) osteogenic induction. (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.005, n. s. represents no significant difference, n = 3).

Article Snippet: Micromechanical testing After 7 d of culture, atomic force microscopy (AFM, module Cohesion® 200 JPK, Instruments) was used to investigate the micromechanical compression properties of different microcryogels, as previously reported [ 22 ].

Techniques: In Vitro, Staining, Control, Gene Expression, Microscopy, Cell Culture